Vaccines are biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity to a particular disease. (Wikipedia)
Vaccines have been said to be a cost effective means to effectively reduce the disease burden of vaccine preventable diseases amongst people groups, communities, and nations.
In the pre vaccine era, outbreaks of small pox, measles or chicken pox were said to have almost wiped out villages. Then the mass death of children or adults was attributed to the anger of the gods especially in Africa.
Thankfully with the advent of vaccines, outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases have been curtailed all through Africa and even in the remote villages.
The decline in the reported outbreaks of small pox in the early 70s, following a global effort on vaccination championed by the WHO in 1958led to the expanded program on immunization (EPI) which was set up by the World Health Organization in 1974 in a bid to increase the percentage of children globally who had access to immunization and were duly immunized. At that time less than 5 percent of the world's children had been immunized.
Six diseases were targeted, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and polio myelitis. (Yellow fever was added in 1988).
The objective the WHO had then was to have made these vaccines available to every child in the world by 1990.
Looking back, one would observe that immense progress has been made, millions of lives have been saved. As as 2004 it was estimated that close to 80 percent of the world's children were vaccinated against Diptheria, pertussis and tetanus, however only about 69 percent coverage was achieved in Africa as at then. Millions of under five children were still been lost to vaccine preventable diseases in Africa.
This observation led the WHO and UNICEF to start the Global immunization vision and strategy (GIVS) in 2003, which aimed at reducing the burden of vaccine preventable diseases by two thirds in 2015.
Hepatitis B, hemophilus influenza and meningococcal vaccines were later introduced.
By year 2010, globally the rate of coverage of the DTP (third dose) rose to 85%, however Africa only increased to 77%, from the 69% in 2004.
Many thanks to the WHO, UNICEF, GAVI, GIVS, GVAP and all other initiatives that have helped Africa to get to this point.
Efforts are still on going to see to the eradication of these diseases.
Polio eradication is still a pain point in Africa till date, awareness has been created and the battle continues . . .
[References:
An evaluation of infant immunization in Africa: is a transformation in progress?
L Arevshatiana, CJ Clementsb, SK Lwangac, AO Misored, P Ndumbee, JF Sewardf, P Taylorg
WHO Vaccine Preventable Diseases Monitoring System http://apps.who.int/im]
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